soil of pakistan slideshare

Research work on this crop has shown that there is great potential of growing it under all the soil and climatic conditions in rainfed as well as irrigated farming system in … Aquaculture productivity is al so likely to undergo dramatic changes as a result of temperature changes in water. Soil pollution is defined as, “contamination of soil by human and natural activities which may cause harmful effect on living organisms”. Pakistan has been to create a national identity out of diverse regional and linguistic loyalities.23 Ideology was considered to be the suitable dough for the workable mould of Pakistan, but ideas were frustrated when the socio-regional linguistic and racial realities began surfacing and ideological hegemony was being eroded. Pakistan politicians fear losing strategic islands to China. The practice of irrigation results in consumptive uses of water through evapotranspiration, leaving behind … Soil is our most precious asset and no other gift of nature is so essential to human life as soil. Peter McCornick, Manzoor Qadir, Muhammad Aslam. ISSN 0251–0480. After those successful military operations namely Rah-e-Nijat and Rah-e-Rast have been conducted. fAs Pakistan has variety of areas including hills, plains and desserts. Thal and Cholistan desert. Native trees are species that have colonized the landscape of a region by natural processes and by going through a number of climatic changes that occurred over many thousand years. A brief treatment of fertilizer follows. Once again Pakistan was faced with a dilemma whether to side with Iran, her neighbor with whom many economic benefits are attached or to side with the mighty power the US. Heavy metals affect the number, diversity, and activities of soil microorganisms. In Pakistan although it was introduced as an oilseed crop 40 years back but its expansion in acreage and production is fluctuating due to various production and socio-economic constraints. The large microbial diversity found in soils and their functions and adaptability to changing conditions make them attractive biomarkers of use in providing both search intelligence and potentially as evidence. prolonged damp) without rain promote high ammonia losses (more common to find these conditions in MT during late fall or early spring) • NBPT (Agrotain ®) reduced losses 62% over untreated urea : N source “A pound of N is a pound of N”- cost … Removal of top layer of soil is another form of pollution. Since most of Pakistan is arid or semi-arid, the soils contain little organic matter. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF PAKISTAN … ... overgrazing, soil erosion, salinity and waterlogging have become major threats to the remaining biodiversity in Pakistan. It was concluded that supply of irrigation at 80 % available soil moisture depletion level (ASMDL3) in soil with removal of 2 cm growing tips (T3) proved to be the best for higher yield and yield components in chickpea. Germinating and growing into a Muslim minority that ruled over a non-Muslim majority for about 600 years, that … Pakistan lies in the temperate zone. Urban wastes 3. Rehabilitation of Ravine Lands in Algeria 9. In various regions of Pakistan, the Cu concentration in soil and dust ranges from <6 to 412 mg/kg (Table 2), where contaminated site from Kohistan region reported the highest content of Cu in soil . The soil is the top layer of the earth’s surface.It is made up of dirt and rock. The information and data presented in this document were compiled and analyzed by Michael A. Cole, Ph.D. Therefore, ethnic identities emerged in 1948. Understanding the problems of grazing land in vertisol areas and seeking long-lasting solutions is the central point where mixed crop livestock is the second stay for the majority of the population. Pakistan Chrome Mines Ltd. is a mining company incorporated in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan.The company owns and operates Chromite and Magnesite mines in Balochistan Province was initially incorporated as Baluchistan Chrome Mines Ltd in 1902 during colonial rule. These serious environmental problems have become a great challenge to ensure food security for the ever increasing population of Pakistan. All … 23 Actions. Assignment Vegetation types of Pakistan. The soil of the experimental site was classified as Reddish Brown Earth. For example, exposure to soil containing high concentrations of benzene increases the risk of contracting leukaemia. Using locally approved methods of analysis, we test samples to identify and classify asbestos fiber types using microscopy – e.g. irrigation and altering the characteristics of soil, thereby increasing the stresses on crops. Soil hyperspectral reflectance imagery was obtained using an airborne imaging spectrometer (400–2450 nm, ~10 nm resolution, 2.5 m spatial resolution). tanks, ponds, damns. 1 (1):48-58 (2009). Sources of irrigation water in Pakistan and different methods. Coarse grained soils are those with more than 50% of the material larger than 0.075mm size. Rills and gully erosion Figure 10 Ravines of Chambal basin. This study evaluated the effectiveness of soil and water conservation structures for soil erosion control by applying a semi-distributed Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model in various small watersheds of the Chakwal and Attock districts of Pothwar, Pakistan. Pakistan as developing economy the employment on consistent level has much importance. Cultivation of wheat started from ancient times and domesticated. We will not allow you to sell our lands to #CCP Today’s Sindhudesh … 14.7% Rolling/hilly sandy soils 3. Incorporation of Soil P dynamics is characterized by physicochemical (sorption-desorption) and … Thus, estimates of … Corresponding author: ([email protected]). Pakistan's total land area is about 803,940 square kilometers. irrigation systems in the world. all soil samples were found to be ranged in between 7.04 to 8.3 which indicate the slight alkalinity of soils. Massive cutting of trees, referred to as deforestation it is … Environmental issues in Pakistan include air pollution, water pollution, noise pollution, climate change, pesticide misuse, soil erosion, natural disasters, desertification and flooding. LinkedIn Help - Scribd Acquires SlideShare - Did Scribd buy SlideShare? Though gram is grown on all kinds of soils, 4 sandy loam to clay loam is considered to be most suitable. A biannual publication of PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Azam, F., & Ifzal, M. (2006). In some soils, they show evidence of the actions of the soil forming processes. It can occur in neutral and calcareous soils, intensively cropped soils, paddy soils and very poorly drained soils, sodic and saline soils, peat soils, soils with high available Phosphorus (P) and Silicon (Si) status, sandy soils, highly weathered, acid, and coarse-textured soils, soils derived from serpentine and laterite, and leached, old acid sulfate soils with a small concentration of Potassium (K), Magnesium (Mg), and … Area Annually Flooded/Watered by Rivers and Torrents 22 8. Every unit is a free-standing, 4 bedroom house that resembles the … Aug 11 2015. A variety of organisms, like insects, earthworm, live in soil.For plants, soil serves as a storehouse of water and minerals needed for their growth. Soil-forming processes are complex and continuous. Avoid throwing chemical oils and paints drain down into the water so that there … The soil is a natural body of mineral and organic materials differentiated into horizons which differ among themselves as well as from the underlying material in morphology, physical make-up, chemical … Soil drifting is a fertility-depleting process that can lead to poor crop growth and yield reductions in areas of fields where wind erosion is a recurring problem. We focus on Tunnel farming business in Pakistan to full fill our food need. The soil profile is where the secrets of the soil and landscape around it are hidden. 5.8% Mainly loamy to partly gravelly soils 6.6% Rock out-crop and loamy soils, very shallow 5. 18/04/2018 Cement is arguably the most important, and … … The stabilized end-product (compost) is widely used as a soil amendment to improve soil structure, provide plant nutrients, and facilitate the revegetation of disturbed or eroded soil (Cole, 1994; Cole, 1995; Harmsen, 1994; McNabb, 1994). When their rights are subverted by other groups then ethnic conflicts occur. An image detailing the discolouration of soil due to soil pollution is provided below. Soil sodicity often follows soil salinity. Many circumstances may beresponsible for this disastrous decree in natural resources. deforestation, overgrazing, soil erosion, salinity and waterlogging have become major threats to the remaining biodiversity in Pakistan. That water is largely left untreated, posing a major health hazard. 11.4% Loamy-clayey soils 4. Topsoil is the top layer of soil and is the most fertile because it contains the most organic, nutrient-rich materials. The XLarge Houses have an enviable Double Height Living Room that takes the luxury quotient to another level. Soil test laboratories provide a critical step in management decisions of nutrients for optimum crop production, however the best analytical process can not compensate for poor sample collection and handling. Pakistan has been led to respond to this supposed Indian encirclement by wield-ing its strategic assets – chiefly, extremist elements engaged in Afghanistan and Kashmir/India. It is widely grown in hot and humid areas, where there are high pest hazards because some insects are especially deleterious to the yield and quality of cotton. Only Islamabad and Karachi have biological waste treatment facilities, and they are, at … Of the salt-affected soils in Pakistan, about 40% are saline (containing elevated levels of soluble salts) while 60% are saline-sodic and sodic in nature, which are characterized by elevated levels of sodium (Na +). 4. 2: Issue 3: (March 2005) Pakistan Journal of Meteorology Vol. Gram is generally grown on moderately heavy soils, light soils, mostly sandy loams are preferred in Punjab i.e. Though gram is grown on all kinds of soils, 4 sandy loam to clay loam is considered to be most suitable. Hookworms in addition cause chronic intestinal blood loss that can result in anaemia. Pakistan has some of the world’s rarest animals and plants but these are now in danger of disappearing forever due to overuse and loss of natural habitat. The major soil groupings are Indus basin soils, mountain soils, and sandy desert soils. The following terms and abbreviations are used throughout the entry: Acidification - the lowering of soil and water pH due to acid precipitation and deposition usually through precipitation; this process disrupts ecosystem nutrient flows and may kill freshwater fish and plants dependent on more neutral or … General introduction to PakistanPakistan is situated in the North West part of south East Asia. This paper review s IIM I's research studies in Pakistan, in which over the last five years soil and tubewell water samples have been collected at several research sites. Key Words: Cicer arietinum . In order to understand this, the current study was conducted at two sites, one with 0-4% slope and the other with 4-8% slope at Ginchi watershed, 80 km west of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Tax concessions and government-guaranteed yields may have succeeded in attracting investments in the energy sector but this is an unsustainable model. They are typically parallel with the ground surface. Demographic Factor Ethnic problems emerge not only due to socio-economic processes but also due to demographic changes (migration, assimilation, etc.). Ravines: In the Chambal basin such lands are called ravines. As a result, the food security of many countries in the region would be under threat. A Decline in the wheat yield in semi … PAKISTAN PLANT DATABASE. Pakistan army has fought bravely against terrorist and has destroyed their safe dens. The capital city of Pakistan (Islamabad) industrial area shows that the total concentration of Cu is in the range of 8.88–357.40 mg/kg . In a survey conducted by Farooq-e-Azam it is reported that the range of soil carbon in Pakistan soils is 0.52 to 1.38% in different soil series. Some authorities, however, include part of this area as agricultural land on the basis that it would support some livestock activity even though it is poor rangeland. To date, this assessment identified at least 14.1 million people who were directly affected by the flood across Pakistan. ], Lord Macaulay's radical and influential educational reforms led to the numerous changes to the introduction and teaching of Western languages (e.g. Attention screen reader users, you are in a mobile optimized view and content may not appear where you expect it to be. Slideshare; Home; Publications and Resources; Managing salinity and waterlogging in the Indus Basin of Pakistan . Soil erosion in India by Chris Dunstan Cynffig Comprehensive School - Soil erosion in India by Chris Dunstan Cynffig Comprehensive School Key idea on WJEC specification 1.6 Key question : What are the environmental challenges and ... | PowerPoint PPT presentation | free to view . Environment - current issues: water pollution from raw sewage, industrial wastes, and agricultural runoff; limited natural freshwater resources; most of the population does not have access to potable water; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; air pollution and noise pollution in urban areas . The best type of soil for chickpea is one that is well drained and not too heavy. The region is referred by the United Nations and other international organizations, as 'Pakistani-controlled Kashmir' (or Pakistan Administered Kashmir) and it was re-named as 'Pakistan occupied Jammu-Kashmir' by the Modi government. Loss of fine sand, silt, clay and organic particles from sandy soils serves to lower the moisture-holding capacity of the soil. The area includes most of the part of Punjab, Peshawar, Mardan, Bannu and Kachhi plain. A major part of the province of sindh is also comprised of these soils. Some of these soils are rich and irrigated give very good production. Usually these soils are far from the present rivers beds. The validated model without soil conservation structures was applied to various ungauged small watershed sites with soil … Soil. Sandy Desert Soils The soils cover the western areas of Balochistan, Cholistan and the desert of Thar in Pakistan. PAKISTAN 2019 FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2019 By: A. Ahmad, M.R. Pakistan is a country of 131 million populations with per capita income of US $ 488 and GDP of Rs. Others temper this characterization by noting that the potential effects of climate change could act as a threat multiplier … Therefore, a limited water supply coupled with high pumping cost and salinity hazards, makes it more important than ever that irrigation water be used efficiently and judiciously. The USDA-funded initiative – ‘Improving Soil Fertility and Soil Health in Pakistan’ – targets appropriate fertilizer management practices and the build-up of soil organic matter as a means of addressing the prevalent under-use, over-use and unbalanced use of nutrients by the country’s farmers. Types of soil erosion 1) Gullies: The running water cuts through the clayey soils and makes deep channels as gullies. Pakistan have a total livestock population of about 120 million heads, composed primarily of goats, sheep, cattle, buffaloes, camels, horses, donkeys and mules. flooding may have longer lasting effects due to soil saturation of these low lying areas. Other examples abound where there is overlap between the five niches. To date, this project has produced 217 … Industrial wastes 2. The exercise is liked by farmers for improving the availability of natural pasture during the long dry season when other feed sources get depleted. In Pakistan, the agrochemical industry has been witnessing a relatively steady to high growth, which has been primarily attributed to advancements in the pesticides and fertilizer industries. Pakistan is a prime example, shaped by parts – but not wholly – of the first category, and certainly by parts of the others. It’s a crime against historical Sindhi nation and their land. English and Latin), history, and philosophy. Pakistan is an arid and semi-arid region with 68 million hectares of land which receive less than 300mm annual rainfall. The unstable Pakistani soil is greatly impeding Pakistan to achieve its FP goals of economic and social stability coupled with peace in the region. 2. Rehabilitation of Ravine Lands in Pakistan 8.2. Double Height Living Room. In the present study, farmer's practices of irrigation application methods (Field 1) were compared with the water saving techniques (Field 2) for … Fine … Definition: This entry lists the most pressing and important environmental problems. Pakistan’s 66 percent population depends upon agriculture. The main aims of soil conservation are as follows: (1) To protect the soil from erosion. Laboratory methods, calibrations and recommendations must be based on local (Alberta or western Canada) research. 3Department of Agronomy, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Monitoring changes in soil microbiological and biochemical properties after contamination can be used to evaluate the intensity of soil pollution because these methods are more sensitive and results can be obtained at a faster rate compared with monitoring soil physical and chemical properties . The climatic changes and global warming are most alarming issues risking millions of … The Bengalis became vocal and resorted … A country where 65 to 70 percent of the total area consists of mountains, … Studies on enzymes activity in normal and saline soils. The published Flora of Pakistan is a comprehensive inventory of the plants of Pakistan, the first modern flora of more than 6,000 species from a large, relatively poorly known region of South Asia. Chickpea is grown on a wide range of soils in Pakistan. The worms increase malabsorption of nutrients. Area with Water-Table within a 1.5-Metre Depth: Soil Survey of Pakistan 20 6b. The nation has other extremely pressing problems as well, the land we live in and fight for must be tended to. 48 Phosphorus Solubilizing Bacteria: … About 59% area is covered by mountains and plateaus. soil depletion, and natural disasters can intensify conflict or stress within a country and potentially contribute to national security issues.1 Climate change can fuel these crises and exacerbate them, leading some analysts to characterize it as a potential threat to national security. 6.821 trillion. source of irrigation method in Pakistan. LAND reforms in Pakistan have a long and somewhat chequered history. In addition, the microbial profile can be … sci. Factbook > Countries > Pakistan > Geography. Local parties claim federal land snatch to feed Belt and Road ambitions. 0 Likes. The toxicity of these metals on … soil moisture, soil temperature, air temperature, humidity, cloudiness, rainfall, fog etc. In Pakistan, the most agricultural province is Punjab where wheat and cotton are the most grown.Mango orchards are mostly found in … The climate is generally arid, characterized by hot summers and cool or cold winters, and wide variations between extremes of temperature at given locations. Jhelum. Waterlogging refers to the saturation of soil with water. Dams are constructed across river and water is diverted to agriculture … biol. _____ * Jamal Shah is a Lecturer in Political Science at Government College Takht Bhai, … Prevention/Solutions of Water Pollution in Pakistan: In order to control or prevent water pollution, some specific measures and precautions should be taken seriously to overcome the major issue of this century. (2) To maintain the productive capacity of the soil. Since the early 1960s, numerous efforts have … Conclusions Glossary Bibliography Biographical Sketch Summary Land rehabilitation is an intervention designed to make a geo-ecological improvement. The soil microbial community reflects soil type, land-management, and environmental conditions (Torsvik et al., 1990; Singh et al., 2009; Lerner et al., 2006). Rehabilitation: Measures of Success 10. A huge amount of rainwater is lost annually due to run-off in the Potohar region. Centered on the Indus River Valley in Southwest Asia, Pakistan is known for its long history of conflict and political instability. Therefore, India has a large variety of soil groups, distinctly different from one another. 2Department of Biochemistry, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Published Date. Google Scholar. Pakistan is rich in natural resources like natural gas, coal etc.but is still victim of environmental degradation. Source of calories, protein, vitamins, fats and minerals 60% 60% Constitutes consumed on average per captita annually.

Graduate Program Salary Malaysia, Java New Garbage Collector, Miners Beach Kayaking, How To Grill Chicken Thighs In Oven, Levi Flannel Lined Denim Jacket,