cardinal points optics pdf

It might be outdated or ideologically biased. 3.6 Cardinal points ECE 460 –Optical Imaging Image Formation RayTracing O O’ F F’ y y’ Tracing z O = object; O’=image ; O‐O’=conjugate points F’ = focal point image (image of objects from ‐∞) F == focalfocal pointpoint objectobject Transverse magnification: y' M y (3.16) Chapter 3: Imaging 24 The cardinal points of a thick lens in air. V, V' front and rear surface vertices. The cardinal points lie on the optical axis of the optical system. Each point is defined by the effect the optical system has on rays that pass through that point, in the paraxial approximation. Figure 5 shows the double convex lens of Figure 4 with the assumed locations of the cardinal points indicated. Handbook of Optical Design, Third Edition covers the fundamental principles of geometric optics and their application to lens design in one volume. Point Spread Function (PSF) calculation and dimensions 1.5.5. Focal points • The front focal point of an optical system, by definition, has the property that any ray that passes through it will emerge from the system parallel to the optical axis. The nodal points are coincident with the principal ZEMAX ® Optical Design Program User's Manual July 8, 2011 Radiant ZEMAX LLC [email protected] www.zemax.com optical system, we still use the concept of cardinal points but should understand that these points can merely be used as an approximate reference. Second focal point (b.f.l.) Classification • Every optical system has 6 cardinal points – Focal points – primary & secondary – Principle points – primary & secondary – Nodal points – primary & secondary 17. Introduction • The analysis of an optical system using cardinal points is known as Gaussian optics, named after Carl Friedrich Gauss • For an optical lens system – Characteristics are defined by its “cardinal points” • By knowing the location of the cardinal points we can find out the image produced by an object passing through optical lens 8. Input and output planes define limits of an optical system. Cardinal Points of an optical system •In case of refraction through thin lens, the thickness of the lens has been neglected in calculating the various formulae. using (a) the method of matrices, (b) the thin lens equation, and (c) the method of the cardinal points. There are several algorithms. 1.2.4 D. Newtonian Lens Formula For thick lenses, the Newtonian lens formula is expressed as: xoxi = f1f2 (3) where xo is the distance from the object to the front focal point, xi is the distance from the rear focalpointtotheimage,andf1 and f2 are the front and back focal lengths. The cardinal points of the compensated vi-sual optical system S C are F C0,F C1,P C0, etc. If a criterion is not satisfied for a given base curve, a new one is tried, etc. the nodal points are conjugate points in the object and image space with unity angular magnification. Diffraction-Limited Systems and Connection to Fresnel Diffraction 1.5.4. PHY2004 Lecture 6 - Free download as Powerpoint Presentation (.ppt / .pptx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or view presentation slides online. Thus, the most fundamental optical system is the pinhole camera. A ray entering the object-space nodal point N 1 at angle θmeasured relative to the optical axis exits from the image-space nodal point N 2 at the same angle. 1.4.3 Cardinal points of an optical system 27 1.5 Reflection Matrix and Optical Resonators 32 1.6 Ray Optics using MATLAB 37 2. The volume is organised such that the single spherical refracting surface is the basic optical element. Cardinal Points • A rotationally symmetric optical system can be represented by a single, thick lens – Optical axis is axis of rotational symmetry – Center-of curvature of every surface is on the optical axis • Cardinal Points – Focal points – front F, rear F’ – Principal points – front or first P, rear or second P’ First focal point (f.f.l.) This book is the culmination of twenty-five years of teaching Geometrical Optics. History • Listing and Gauss, while studying refraction by lens combinations, concluded that for a homocentric lenses’ system, there exist 3 pairs of cardinal points, which are • 2 principal foci • 2 principal points • 2 nodal points – All situated on the principal axis of the system 10. Cardinal Points. Cardinal points by Michael Pettit Download PDF EPUB FB2. We also present the formal verification of the cardinal points for an arbitrary optical system consisting of any number of optical components. 10.2 The Cardinal Points 139 10.2.1 The Principal Planes and Points 139 10.2.2 The Nodal Points 140 10.2.3 Construction of the Nodal Points 141 10.2.4 Other "Cardinal" Points 143 10.3 The Newtonian Equations for a Thick System 143 10.4 The Refraction Equations for a Thick System 144 10.5 The Lateral Magnification of a Thick Lens 144 point at the same angle with respect to the optical axis. How to locate the cardinal points. Cardinal points of coaxial lens system,location and properties of cardinal points,Newton’s formula, Geometrical optics,Combination of thin lenses, Magnetostriction and piezoelectric oscillator for production of ultrasonic wave, determination of of wavelength of ultrasonic wave and their applications, Basic requirement for acoustically good hall, Primary principal plane Secondary principal plane First principal point Second principal point Thick Lens: definitions Nodal points If media on both sides has the same n, then: N1=H 1 and N2=H 2 FoFiH1H2N1N2 -cardinal points In Gaussian optics, the cardinal points consist of three pairs of points located on the optical axis of a rotationally symmetric, focal, optical system.These are the focal points, the principal points, and the nodal points. I believe the principal planes are actually principal surfaces (curved) unless you're using the paraxial approximation. The usefulness of the cardinal points is best illustrated with some specific examples. Perfect imaging. effect the optical system has on rays that pass through that point, in the paraxial approximation. Adventure / Romance. Wave Propagation and Wave Optics 2.1 Maxwell's Equations: A Review 46 2.2 Linear Wave Propagation 50 2.2.1 Traveling-wave solutions 50 • The image of the aperture stop from the lenses on the object space side of … The ability of a lens to bend rays is explained by Fermat's principle which infers that light rays will choose a path between any two points which is stationary with respect to variations in the path length [].Usually, the path is a time minimum. Nodal Points: Conjugate points were the angular magnification is unity (ma =+1). Topic 1 -- Optical Waves Topic 2 -- Scatting at an Interface Topic 3 -- Beam Optics Topic 4 -- Fourier Optics Topic 5 -- Geometric Optics Summaries Apologizies for the unrefined formatting and errors present in these summaries. 1.5.1. Matrix / Gaussian Optics Principal Points Nodal Points Focal Points Cardinal Points Optical System Light Rays Applications Optical Components Plane Interface Spherical Interface Thin Lens Thick Lens Ball Lens Meniscus Lens HOL Light Composed Systems Fig.3. The south is at the bottom of the maps. Definition: a set of points which characterize the function of an optical element or a group of elements in Gaussian optics. The cardinal points, which occur in pairs with one point in object space and the other in image space, are defined in the following way. 2. Off-axis aberrations. Locating the cardinal points: position of a nodal point, focal point, principal point, focal length, the other cardinal points. The influence of aperture stops. The analysis of an optical system using cardinal points is known as gaussian optics, named after Carl Friedrich Gauss. Focal Points Rays entering a system parallel to the axis converge to a focal point in image space, while rays emanating from the focal point in object space leave the system parallel to the axis. Black Box Optical System based on Cardinal Points and Pupils. Cardinal Points begins at the very beginning of the American Revolution, the night the colonists of Boston, threw crates and crates of good China tea into the harbor to protest, taxes and Governors Hutchinson's decisions about shipping and selling/5.

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